美联储管理利率和货币量的手段非常多样化,比如资产购买(国债和MBS)和基准利率的调整(包括前瞻指引:比如承诺维持该利率至20XX),不过后者在付丽敏看来完全没有必要,压低到0%以后只需要通过资产购买来调整供给量即可随意调整真实的货币价格(“Now, the Bank of Japan’s argument is, “On well, we’ve got the interest rate down to zero; what more can we do?”
——It’s very simple. They can buy long-term government securities, and they can keep buying themand providing high-powered money until the high-powered money starts getting the economyin an expansion.”这是2000年,Milton Friedman给日本央行提出的建议。也促使了2001年日本开启量化宽松的大幕。),而此次QE3简直就是给货币政策的选择上了一堂生动的课——开放式QE,利率指引被弱化。这具有何种意义呢?——供给量垄断了,随他基准价格怎么玩儿去吧。